Science Lab

Learn. Share. Contribute. The knowledge portal of Leica Microsystems. Find scientific research and teaching material on the subject of microscopy. The portal supports beginners, experienced practitioners and scientists alike in their everyday work and experiments. Explore interactive tutorials and application notes, discover the basics of microscopy as well as high-end technologies. Become part of the Science Lab community and share your expertise.

Diagram showing the scope of the regulations and guidelines for electronic records mentioned in 21 CFR Part 11 (Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Part 11) which is published by the US FDA (Food & Drug Administration).

Introduction to 21 CFR Part 11 and Related Regulations

This article provides an overview of regulations and guidelines for electronic records (data entry, storage, signatures, and approvals) used in the USA (21 CFR Part 11), EU (GMP Annex 11), and China…

A portion of an early binocular microscope developed by John Leonhard Riddel in the early 1850s.

The History of Stereo Microscopy

This article gives an overview on the history of stereo microscopes. The development and evolution from handcrafted instruments (late 16th to mid-18th century) to mass produced ones the last 150…